A recent study by the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, using data from the Montreal Children's Hospital, reveals that introducing peanuts into toddlers' diets before age three reduces allergy prevalence
Montreal, August 14, 2024 - In 2017, the Addendum Guidelines for the Prevention of Peanut Allergy were adopted by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases in the United States, recommending, among other things, that peanut butter be given to babies from the age of four to six months in order to reduce food allergies. At the time in Canada, peanut butter was not introduced until the child was three years old.
The impact of these new recommendations on allergies had never been assessed in Canada until now. The study, titled Trends of peanut-induced anaphylaxis rates before and after the 2017 early peanut introduction guidelines in Montreal, Canada, recently published in Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology : In Practice, is the first to examine their impact.
Researchers compared children with and without known peanut allergy who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) of the Montreal Children’s Hospital (MCH) for a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) to peanuts between 2011 and 2019. Data after 2019 were excluded due to the COVID-19 pandemic, during which ED visits decreased significantly.
Of 2011 cases of anaphylaxis recorded between May 2011 and December 2019, 429 were triggered by peanuts. Of these, 180 cases had no known peanut allergy, compared with 249 who already had a known peanut allergy.
The research team calculated ED presentation rates due to peanut-induced anaphylaxis in four-month intervals. The trends were studied for children aged zero to two, who could potentially have benefited from an early introduction to peanuts as of 2017, and for children aged three to 17, who were already too old when the recommendations were adopted.
"We noted a decrease in the rate of peanut-related anaphylaxis after 2017 in children aged two and under who had never had a severe allergic reaction before. No significant change was seen in children aged three to 17, or in children of any age who already had a known peanut allergy," explains senior study author Dr. Moshe Ben-Shoshan, a pediatric allergy and immunology specialist at the MCH and a scientist with the Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program at the RI-MUHC.
More precisely, the yearly rate of change of first time peanut-induced anaphylaxis rates among children aged 0-2 years decreased by 7.96 cases per 100,000 age-adjusted all-cause ED visits per 4 months, per year. This means that the trend of anaphylaxis rates measured every four months has significantly decreased since guidelines implementation in 2017, specifically in the age 0-2 population who did not already have established allergies to peanuts.
A positive impact
Over the past decade, food allergies have increased significantly in North America. In Canada, peanut allergy is the most common food allergy in children and the leading cause of anaphylaxis, which can be life threatening.
The results of this study therefore demonstrate the importance of policies such as the adoption of new recommendations in order to save lives, and reduce costs and the use of healthcare system resources.
A similar study in Australia recently confirmed a slowdown in the growth of food-induced anaphylaxis rates since the adoption of guidelines promoting early food introduction.
Subsequent research is needed to validate the data from the MCH study in other regions of Canada and to verify whether this trend can be applied to other types of allergenic foods. It is also important to study adherence to the guidelines by non-allergist physicians and the public, as well as any other demographic and socioeconomic factors that may influence ED presentations for anaphylaxis.
About the study
The study Trends of peanut-induced anaphylaxis rates before and after the 2017 early peanut introduction guidelines in Montreal, Canada was conducted by Joshua Yu, Derek Lanoue, Adhora Mir, Mohammed Kaouache, Adam Bretholz, Ann Clarke, Christine McCusker, Jennifer LP Protudjer, Aaron Jones and Moshe Ben-Shoshan.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2024.06.004
About the Montreal Children’s Hospital
Established in 1904, the Montreal Children's Hospital (MCH) is Quebec’s oldest children’s hospital and the pediatric hospital of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC). A tertiary and quaternary care teaching and research facility, treating newborns, children and adolescents up to age 18, it serves 63 per cent of the geographic population of Quebec.
With its pediatric care and research facilities adjacent to the adult facility on the Glen site, the Children’s is in a unique position to offer services and research across the lifespan. The Centre for Innovative Medicine - the only clinical research centre in a hospital setting in North America – allows its researchers to conduct clinical trials on the Hospital site.
The Children's is a leader in providing a broad spectrum of highly specialized care to young patients and families from all across Quebec. The hospital is a provincially designated trauma centre and is recognized for its wealth of expertise in cardiology and cardiac surgery, emergency care, neurology and neurosurgery. thechildren.com
About the Research Institute of the MUHC
The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre (RI-MUHC) is a world-renowned biomedical and healthcare research centre. The Institute, which is affiliated with the Faculty of Medicine of McGill University, is the research arm of the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) – an academic health centre located in Montreal, Canada, that has a mandate to focus on complex care within its community. The RI-MUHC supports over 600 researchers and close to 1,700 research trainees devoted to a broad spectrum of fundamental, clinical and health outcomes research at the Glen and the Montreal General Hospital sites of the MUHC. Its research facilities offer a dynamic multidisciplinary environment that fosters collaboration and leverages discovery aimed at improving the health of individual patients across their lifespan. The RI-MUHC is supported in part by the Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé (FRQS). www.rimuhc.ca
Media contact
Christine Bouthillier
Communication agent, Montreal Children’s Hospital
christine.bouthillier@muhc.mcgill.ca